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Nigeria, mentioned to be big of Africa and with a strong inhabitants of over 150 million, can boast of bountiful provide of human assets, each expert and unskilled, made up of women and men, account for the capital base of the nation. Nonetheless, it will be pertinent to notice that the variety of expert however idle far outweighs the unskilled and dealing (Rotimi Ige, Tribune Newspaper; Tuesday sixth July, 2010. ). The above cited work represents the view of most Nigerian populace on Nigeria and the extent of unemployment in its economic system. Earlier than we are going to reveal extra into the discourse, tell us what the idea ‘unemployment’ connotes. Ewa Udu and Agu (2000) outline unemployment as a state of affairs by which individuals succesful and prepared to work are unable to seek out appropriate paid employment.
Unemployment could possibly be seasonal, frictional, internationally transmitted or structural. Seasonal unemployment happens in industries which can be seasonal in nature. Such industries interact labour quickly in the course of the peak durations and lay them off within the off-peak seasons. Once more frictional unemployment exists when specific occupation has surplus staff in a single a part of the nation whereas areas for related jobs are very a lot accessible and are usually not crammed in different geographical places of the identical nation. Poor information of the existence of job alternative elsewhere and labour immobility are the foremost issue that give rise to this sort of unemployment. Furthermore, in export-oriented industries, if demand within the industries falls off on account of deterioration of commerce of the importing nation, most staff within the industries can be laid off. Generally, there could also be modifications within the sample of mixture demand and within the strategies of within the business. When this happens in an opposed manner, some staff could also be affected and they are going to be retrenched. That is termed structural unemployment.
In 2006, the speed of unemployment was solely 2. 9%. It rose to an outrageous charge of 5. 8% in 2007. Thereafter, it fell barely to 4. 9% in 2008. Since then, it remained static at that stage until the current 2010 (CIA World Factbook). These statistics don’t painting Nigerian economic system within the optimistic as regards employment of human assets as a result of in a rustic like Britain, 2% charge of unemployment of the labour drive is taken into account very excessive. Latest launch by the Nationwide Bureau of Statistics reviews that over 20 million graduates are unemployed in Nigeria. An off-the-cuff go to to any middle the place employment aptitude take a look at is being performed will present one the precise stage of unemployment on this nation. The take a look at performed by WAMCO Consulting Agency on behalf of 1 Dutch firm final yr witnessed greater than 30 thousand candidates. One other take a look at performed by the identical agency on behalf of Honeywell recorded extra quantity.
These candidates had been solely those that met the screening standards (ie 2nd Class Higher), am not speaking about people who utilized however had been rejected. When most banks performed their very own checks, safety males (illiterates) had been used to drive graduates up and down. Some had been flogged, maltreated and humiliated; simply because they wanted some job. One hardly passes ten individuals on the highway with out coming throughout at the very least one unemployed graduate. A few of these graduates have migrated spherical all of the cities of Nigeria searching for jobs; all to no avail. They’ve moved from Lagos to Port-Harcourt, to Kaduna, to Kano, to Onitsha and all different locations undeserving of mentioning.
This socio-economic downside of unemployment might be attributed to many and diversified causes. Among the conspicuous roots of the issue embrace inhabitants, educational curriculum, selection in fact of examine, laziness, greed, authorities insurance policies, employment discrimination and authorities poor implementation of its employment insurance policies.
Nigeria is essentially the most populated black nation of world. The final performed census put the determine at over 100 and fifty million. On this nice quantity, greater than 50% are within the labour drive of the nation. What this implies is that there can be severe drag for the little accessible openings of job alternatives accessible. This gives the reply to the explanation why greater than thirty thousand Nigerian graduates prove for a job aptitude take a look at that won’t take as much as twenty candidates.
Extra so, one other main explanation for unemployment on this nation is the training system and the kind of curriculum they run. From main faculty to the college, the curriculum is extra of concept than sensible. Within the eighties, main faculty pupils had been requested to do crafts; molding objects, making baskets, carving works and different handiworks however in the present day in public faculties, they’re requested to convey bathroom tissues as craft whereas in non-public faculties, they bring about cash in lieu of craft. So, after main faculty, a holder of First Faculty Leaving Certificates can’t do something together with his or her hand. That of put up main faculty is nothing to jot down dwelling about. The scholars are taught solely tips on how to cram textbooks and nothing extra. As soon as you’ll be able to commit all of the contents of Ababio, P. N.
Okeke and Fashionable Biology to reminiscence, you’re a vibrant and clever scholar. No one or no trainer cares whether or not you realize their sensible purposes or not. Ours is Science with out Know-how; which is ineffective. All of the outdated Business and Vocational Faculties that provided vocational programs like catering, style and designing and culinary expertise have all been changed into pure extraordinary secondary faculties with a view to be part of the pattern and never run the danger of being left behind.
All of the graduates of those excessive faculties don’t have any place in economic system as a result of they have no ability to supply for change. This pattern takes the scholars into the college. The college is the worst as a result of not solely that it’s concept based mostly system however most lecturers are usually not even prepared to provide that concept. College students are taught pc science within the classroom with out a single pc system. Most roadside mechanics are extra skilful than most graduates of mechanical engineering who parade themselves as engineers. A closing yr Accounting scholar has by no means seen an actual money e book besides the hypothetical ones he sees within the textbook. How can a product of this type of system be employable?
Selection in fact of examine is one other issue that contributes a lot within the employment issues in Nigeria. Many mother and father have a tendency to decide on careers for his or her offsprings as a result of they in love with a specific career with out contemplating whether or not these their youngsters have penchant for such career. Some individuals might wish to be musicians or comedians however their mother and father will kick in opposition to that and drive them right into a self-discipline they’ve aversion for. On the finish, after they come out of faculty, they can not apply and thus stay unemployed. Once more, on account of JAMB and its associated admission issues, some college students find yourself finding out what they did not intend finding out initially. Many college students began with Sciences however they ended up finding out an Artwork course on account of admission ‘wahala’. Nigeria is a growing economic system. For that, not all disciplines are totally useful right here. Should you learn such programs, you stay unemployed except you might have a godfather someplace. I can nonetheless keep in mind when one former president of Nigeria was addressing some nationwide points on Radio Nigeria and other people had been calling him to ask some questions. One man referred to as and informed him that he graduated from the college and for 4 years he had not gotten a job. The president requested him what he learn and he replied ‘Sociology’. The president gave a mirthless chortle and informed him that every one the cash spent for coaching him was wasted. Though that professionalism just isn’t so extremely upheld in Nigeria, but there are graduates of sure disciplines that can’t match into Nigerian economic system. The crude mentality of a higher share of Nigerians equally contributes to this. As an example, anyone who has some issues, obstacles or setbacks would slightly go to a local physician, pastor or prophet as a substitute going to a psychologist.
Extra so, some graduates are lazy to work. They need simple life. They anticipate all the pieces to return in a platter of gold. Most of them are on the lookout for white collar jobs the place they are going to simply sit underneath an air conditioner, do little or nothing and receives a commission. They may maintain on the lookout for that kind of job until eternity. A graduate was provided a job as a retailer keeper and he has the temerity to say that he will not contact or prepare cartons. This implies he’s lazy and never but able to work. Some feminine graduates consider posting their footage to all of the social networks, relationship and match making web sites on the web to solid their bait and know if they will catch an enormous fish. No one needs to bear the cross earlier than carrying the crown any longer.
Moreover, some graduates are too grasping. A lot of them do not wish to begin from the scratch. They wish to make it in a single day. They thought that when one graduates from the college, he turn out to be tremendous wealthy. Most of them solely discuss and focus on in regards to the ‘huge photographs’ within the society with out taking out time to learn their biographies or at the very least undergo their profiles. In the event that they do this, they are going to discover out that every one these women and men have labored and served in varied capacities; each high and low earlier than arriving at their current positions. Instantly after commencement, the eyes of those graduates are set on Politics, Oil and Gasoline and Banking (when banking was doing effectively), ignoring different lesser sectors which can be prepared and able to soak up them. All of them wish to trip fanciful newest vehicles after three months of their employment. That is utopia and mirage as a result of such jobs are semi-nonexistent now. For that, most graduates will carry on ready for them until kingdom come.
Once more, there’s a nice discrimination and prejudice happening within the labour market now. Employers of labour are usually not serving to issues in any respect. Some candidates are prejudiced in opposition to on the grounds of their intercourse, age, kind of certificates and even tribe or ethnicity. Most workplace works might be finished by each men and women alike; why the intercourse discrimination then? Why will we see an advert that goes like this “a younger feminine accountant wanted for speedy employment”? Does it imply {that a} male can’t do this job? Some job interviewers give jobs to women that aren’t certified as a result of they agreed to sleep or have slept with them; forsaking the extra certified males. Females are equally being discriminated in opposition to however are principally married girls. Most engineering jobs that includes a lot subject work and fixed motion do not often take into account girls. Most new era banks do not take into account married girls. Some go the extent of getting the younger women signal an enterprise that when they get married, their appointments are terminated. Age is one other space for discrimination. Banks in addition to different blue chip firms are principally culprits of this offence. Most of them do not settle for any applicant that’s above twenty-four years outdated. They want very younger, lovely and enticing women that they are going to push into the marketplace for ‘company prostitution’. The younger good-looking guys are used to entice the sugar mummies to function an account with them. . These younger fellows are pushed again into labour market as soon as they failed to fulfill up with the unrealistic targets given to them. The worst discrimination within the labour market is that of BSC/HND dichotomy. Many employers of labour discriminate in opposition to the HND holders in favour of their counterparts with BSC. Though that within the advert, they all the time write BSC or HND because the qualification wanted however when it reaches to the precise job placement, the HND holders are jettisoned. Authorities equally has a hand within the creation of unemployment within the economic system. Some authorities insurance policies are extremely detrimental to job creation on this nation. Some graduates who could not discover jobs decide up bikes and turn out to be ‘okada’ riders. However some State Governments thwarted their efforts by laying a ban on okada using. Many graduates wish to go into the manufacturing of native drinks, cosmetics and different little gadgets with little fund they garnered after service however they do not have the cash to register the merchandise with applicable authorities businesses like NAFDAC, SON and many others. A few of them that succeeded in erecting a small scale manufacturing corporations are being asphyxiated by big and extra taxation. All these not withstanding, the federal government has initiated some insurance policies and established some businesses that can assist in addressing the difficulty of employment in Nigeria. Some authorities efforts in direction of reaching a excessive charge of employment in Nigeria embrace the institution of Federal Ministry of Labour and Productiveness, establishment of the Nigerian Director of Employment, initiating of Nationwide Poverty Eradication Programme and Nationwide Financial Empowerment Improvement Technique.
Federal Ministry of Labour and Productiveness has a community of thirty-one Employment Exchanges and seventeen Skilled and Govt Registries. Nigeria Directorate Of Employment has 4 particular programmes that are Vocational Expertise Improvement, Rural Employment Promotion, Small Scale Enterprises and Particular Works. Nationwide Poverty Eradication Programme has 5 initiatives that are as follows: Village Financial Improvement Options, In Care of the Individuals, Neighborhood Financial Sensitization Scheme, Multi Associate Matching Funds and Rating on Poverty. Nationwide Financial Empowerment Technique is a Nigeria’s plan for prosperity. The federal government manner of letting the individuals know the way it plans to beat the deep and pervasive obstacles to progress that the federal government and the individuals have recognized. The best of the obstacles is unemployment.
Despite all these establishments and programmes, the economic system is but to really feel any considerable affect on the realm of employment. All of them stay solely fanciful drawings which can be solely achievable on the pages of the newspapers. NDE not too long ago performed a Graduate Attachment Programme Check by which greater than 1,000,000 graduates took half on-line. Lastly, solely 500 had been accepted and educated. After the coaching, there have been no openings the place they could possibly be fastened and the NDE Director, Mallam Abubakar Muhammed was begging the Nigeria Employers Consultative Affiliation to assist soak up the trainees as interns. Every day Solar of Wednesday, twenty first July, 2010 reported thus “Minister of Finance, Mr. Olusegun Aganga has pledged the FG’s resolve to deal with unemployment within the nation as he decried the 49. 9 % unemployment charge within the city centres throughout the nation. NAPEP additionally lays a lot emphasis on non-public sector initiative as a sustainable poverty eradication initiative. All the things now boils right down to the non-public sector; the federal government just isn’t able to rise as much as its duty of offering employment for its residents. All these authorities insurance policies lack substance therefore they’re poorly executed.
This social and financial canker referred to as unemployment has many disastrous penalties on your complete nation. It provides rise to social vices, mass exodus of some Nigerians to different nations, steady financial instability, stagnant or decreased Gross Home Product and many others.
Many youths who’ve endured the scourge of unemployment for an extended time period have determined to problem their destiny by selecting up arms and turn out to be armed robbers, political thugs and kidnappers. Kidnapping has turn out to be a standard train in Nigeria as a result of youths are idle and satan finds work finds work for idle arms. Every day Solar of Friday sixth August, 2010 reported that one Mr. Silas Ifeanyi, a Home of Consultant aspirant was kidnapped on his manner again to Onisha from his dwelling city Nsukka. Mr. Ifeanyi was very stunned to seek out out that every one his kidnappers had been all graduates. Youths of Niger Delta turned to militancy as a result of they do not have cheap and sustainable jobs. Even the put up Amnesty insurance policies that are supposed to get them fastened into respectable ventures within the economic system are usually not being totally carried out as proposed. Basic election is quick approaching and so many unemployed graduates are able to stake their lives simply because they don’t have any options. Feminine unemployed graduates imbibe the spirit of the cliché “use what it’s a must to get what you need”. Most of them have changed into full time prostitutes. Each romantic journal and all relationship web sites have their names and fabricated profiles on the lookout for hook ups.
Some debased themselves to the extent of renting rooms in brothels or hanging in golf equipment and lodge premises for any accessible standing.
Many graduates have been unemployed for therefore a few years that they’ve misplaced their self worth and developed an inferiority advanced. They’re withdrawn from social gatherings and disassociate themselves from their mates who appear to be doing effectively economically. Generally, they even undergo stigmatization from buddies and relations. The relations who entrusted hopes in them that after their commencement, they are going to begin benefiting from them are all disillusioned.
Their mother and father are bored with feeding them and giving them pocket cash even nonetheless after commencement. They’re seen as utter social misfit. All these represent emotional and psychological trauma for the unemployed youth.
A lot of the web and ATM rip-off are perpetrated by the unemployed graduates. Web fraud makes use of on-line providers to current solicitations to potential victims, to conduct fraudulent transactions or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to monetary establishments or to others linked with the scheme (WIKIPEDIA).
ATM scams are on the rise and using on-line info has made it one of many simpler inter-net scams to tug off for any reasonably technically con artist (http://www.secureidentity.com.au). Why is web and ATM rip-off on the rise? The reply just isn’t far fetched. It’s due to the excessive charge of unemployment within the nation. Man should survive someway, they are saying. This doesn’t finish right here. This unemployment has led many youths into completely different types of forgery.
Attributable to the truth that each employer wants individuals with some years of working expertise, many unemployed graduates have began forging appointment letters, in order that they could be thought of. Attributable to the truth that people who did not participate within the NYSC programme are discriminated in opposition to within the labour market; these graduates that did part-time, sandwich or night programmes go to the extent of forging NYSC discharge certificates or pay cash to some unlawful brokers with a view to be mobilized for the programme. Not too long ago there was a report within the Punch Newspaper of Tuesday, August 3;2010 that 69 faux corps members had been arrested in Nasarawa State. How a lot does a corps member earn that can entice anyone to contain himself in such a disgraceful act if not for starvation attributable to unemployment? Some even faux suggestion letters from extremely positioned authorities officers with a view to be thought of for a job. Probably the most annoying of all these frauds and scams are those pull by the so-called employment brokers. These are cheer exploiters. These individuals realizing totally effectively that many individuals are determined for jobs use it as a possibility to cheat them. They go in regards to the cities and cities of the nation pasting posters promoting for non-existent jobs. Some even promote on the pages of Newspapers. The unsuspecting and harmless job seekers all the time fall prey to those criminals. They extort cash from candidates with the promise of linking them with mouth watering jobs. Finally they are going to disappoint and aBSCond with their cash.
One other main consequence of unemployment is the mass exodus of the youth in a foreign country. That folks migrating in a foreign country just isn’t the foremost downside however the concern is that the majority of them do it illegally. Everyone is on the lookout for a greener pasture and Nigeria does not appear to be one as a result of there is no such thing as a job, subsequently individuals should go away whether or not legitimately or in any other case! Many Nigerian youths die on their strategy to Europe; the place they undergo deserts, forests and different barricades. Most Nigerian youths are presently languishing in international prisons simply because they’re struggling for survival (though generally wrongly). Most individuals have been duped by some so-called journey brokers. These brokers acquire cash from individuals underneath the pretext that they are going to put together touring papers and assist them to journey. Lastly they are going to aBSCond with all these cash with out doing something.
The financial impact of this unemployment on the nation is that there’s a nice loss within the potential output that may have been generated by these unemployed labour drive. This decreases what ought to have been the precise Gross Home Product. This in the end results in financial instability. Nigeria was not invited to the G20 Summit on the grounds of political however principally financial instability.
Regardless of all these causes and penalties of this financial downside of unemployment, one thing nonetheless must be finished to deal with if not redress the state of affairs. We will not proceed crying over the spilt milk slightly we should always rise to the challenges and take the bull by the horns. The federal government by way of its Ministries, Departments and Businesses ought to get up to its obligations. The Federal and varied State Ministries of Schooling ought to restructure the educational curriculum to go well with the calls for of the current day economic system. The schemes of labor needs to be extra sensible oriented than concept based mostly. Vocational research needs to be inspired. There needs to be institution of extra technical faculties and the prevailing ones needs to be adequately outfitted. Authorities ought to present sensible supplies to its varied universities. These supplies embrace computer systems, laboratory tools, equipment and many others.
Furthermore, mother and father ought to cease interfering of their youngsters’s selection of profession. These youngsters needs to be allowed to decide on what they’ve ardour for in order that they will apply after the coaching. Once more the potential undergraduates who’re discovering it troublesome to move College Matriculation Examination ought to desist from accepting ‘anyhow’ course provided to them by the college due to their low grade slightly they need to work more durable to realize their objective irrespective of how lengthy it would take. They’re suggested to go for programs which can be presently related within the Nigerian economic system. Nigeria presently wants extra of those who studied enterprise associated or sensible oriented programs.
One other space that deserves authorities consideration as regards employment is the availability of electrical energy. Some graduates are prepared to enter small scale manufacturing however because of the erratic nature of the ability provide; they’re incapacitated. The price of manufacturing can be too excessive in the event that they depend upon generator set. Most of them can’t afford the price.
Loans and credit needs to be made accessible and accessible to younger graduates who wish to go into entrepreneurship. There are 4 hundred and 7 registered microfinance banks in Nigeria, but younger entrepreneurs do not have entry to funds. Most of them give loans at an outrageous charge of 20% every year with collateral safety offered and so they do not give greater than fifty thousand naira. But they declare that microfinance banks assist the youths principally in reaching their targets in life (Scribd web site). The federal government ought to mandate the monetary establishments to supply loans for graduates who want to go into enterprise ventures at a really low rate of interest and settle for solely their educational certificates as collateral.
Lastly, younger graduates who’re but get jobs ought to be taught to take their destiny of their arms. On the again cowl web page of Fortunate Star train e book is written “The one Nigerian who doesn’t ask anyone to provide him work is the uneducated”. If that is true of uneducated, then the educated needs to be higher off. They cant proceed asking anyone to provide them work. They need to be job creators as a substitute of job seekers. What I imply is that self employment and entrepreneurship needs to be in the back of thoughts of each younger graduate. Nigerian economic system nonetheless has a really extensive market and alternatives craving to be tapped. It solely wants cautious observations and thorough evaluation. Alternatives abound within the areas like ICT, Sports activities, Leisure, enterprise and agriculture. With the little cash saved throughout youth service, one can begin up a small enterprise which is certain to develop with time. With the information of ICT strategies, one can do many issues like designing of graphics, printing of labels, identification playing cards and many others. An unemployed graduate can arrange some leisure reveals or sit down and write books. He can equally write scripts for film productions or write different entertaining books and promote them off to publishers. He can worse nonetheless connect himself to a non-public faculty as a tutor and on the identical time be organizing non-public tutorial lessons for college students and adults.
Conclusively, some consultants and authorities say that agriculture was the mainstay of the economic system earlier than the invention of petroleum however I preserve that agriculture continues to be the mainstay of the economic system. The discharge by Nationwide Bureau of Statistics reveals that agriculture contributed the best quota of 41. 84% to the Gross Home Product of 2009 whereas the ‘almighty’ petroleum contributed solely 16. 05%. This suggests that agriculture nonetheless dominates the economic system. So, the younger graduates who’re but to safe jobs ought to see agriculture as a very good different. Areas like fish rearing, rabbit rearing, small scale poultry, vegetable plantation and quite a few others needs to be explored. These don’t take a lot assets. As an example, fish might be reared in a GP storage tank and even in a really small aquarium.
Subsequently, the innumerable unemployed graduates ought to gird their loins and prepare for actions. They need to cease ready for presidency as authorities has nothing to supply when it comes to employment. They need to make use of the potentialities that nature endows them with to give you concepts, improvements and options. After you have options to individuals’s issues, they need to come on the lookout for you and pay any worth you require. The world wants an issue solver and when you turn out to be one, one can find out that THERE IS NO UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIA.
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Source by Casmire Ohanabalu